Review of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technologies Globally and in India

India has set an ambitious target to reach 500 GW of installed non-fossil energy capacity by 2030. However, increasing penetrations of renewables - mostly wind and solar - will require the corresponding deployment of flexible resources - such as energy storage and demand response - to support generation variability. To this regard, alongside rapid demand growth for renewables and electrification, grid-scale energy storage will be key to ensuring power system reliability and resilience in the coming years. Here, we conduct a review of grid-scale energy storage technologies, their technical specifications, current costs and cost projections, supply chain availability, scalability potential, and policy frameworks focused on the Indian market and contextualized in the global landscape.