The Health and Environmental Benefits of Wind and Solar Energy in the United States, 2007-2015

Wind and solar energy provide public health and environmental benefits to the United States. However, not only do these benefits vary dramatically by region, they also vary over time. In the last decade, cumulative wind and solar power deployment has increased rapidly; at the same time, regulatory changes and fossil fuel price changes have led to steep cuts in overall power-sector emissions of pollutants such as SO₂, NO_x, and PM_2.5 as well as to reductions to CO₂ emission rates in certain regions. The goal of this work is to evaluate how a subset of wind and solar energy’s health and environmental benefits have evolved from 2007 through 2015 both in absolute terms as well as on a dollar-benefit per kWh basis. We present results regionally across the continental United States and we assess certain uncertainties in the magnitude of the benefits. We develop a time series of wind and solar power generation by location within the U.S. and utilize EPA’s AVERT tool to develop avoided emissions estimates. A suite of air quality exposure and health impact models along with a wide range of social cost of carbon estimates are used to monetize the benefits of the avoided emissions. Presented here are the working results of this analysis.