Different Prices for Difference Slices: A Meta-analysis of Time-based Electricity Rates

With many regions of the U.S. trying to meet aggressive electric power sector decarbonization goals, utilities and policymakers have renewed interest in time-based electricity rates as a tool to manage electricity peak demand, encourage energy conservation, and shift consumption patterns. This study conducts a rigorous meta-analysis of the existing literature on U.S. residential time-based rates. We focus on the impacts of time-based rates on peak demand and on-peak usage. By reviewing the diverse utility experiences, we identify key factors influencing rate design effectiveness and provide insight into enrollment and demand response heterogeneity. We also highlight gaps in existing research and discuss areas where additional exploration could refine future rate design policies.