X-ray spectroscopy
, , , , , , and . "Electrochemical in situ reaction cell for X-ray scattering, diffraction and spectroscopy." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 10.4 (2003) 320–325.
, , , , and . "Depth profile analysis of a cycled lithium ion manganese oxide battery electrode via the valence state of manganese, with soft X-ray emission spectroscopy." Journal of Power Sources 195.22 (2010) 7644–7648.