Infrared spectra
, , , , , , , , , and . "Diagnostic analysis of electrodes from high-power lithium-ion cells cycled under different conditions." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 151.6 (2004) A857-A866.
, , , , and . "An Investigation of the Effect of Graphite Degradation on Irreversible Capacity in Lithium-Ion Cells." Electrochemical Society 155.6 (2008) A442-A447.