Effect of excess lithium in LiMn 2O 4and Li 1.15Mn 1.85O 4electrodes revealed by quantitative analysis of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Date Published
02/2017
Publication Type
Journal Article
Authors
DOI
10.1063/1.4977502
Abstract

We performed a comparative study of the soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of the LiMn2O4 and Li1.15Mn1.85O4 electrode materials with a quantitative analysis of Mn oxidation states. The revealed redox evolution of Mn upon electrochemical cycling clarifies the effect of excess Li in the materials, which naturally explains the different electrochemical performance. The spectral analysis perfectly agrees with different initial cycling capacities of the two materials. The results show unambiguously that Mn3+ starts to dominate the electrode surface after only one cycle. More importantly, the data show that, while LiMn2O4 electrodes follow the nominal Mn redox evolution, the formation of Mn3+ on the electrode surface is largely retarded for Li1.15Mn1.85O4 during most of the electrochemical processes. Such a different surface Mn redox behavior leads to differences in the detrimental effects of Mn2+ formation on the surface, which is observed directly after only two cycles. Our results provide strong evidence that a key effect of the (bulk) excess Li doping is actually due to processes on the electrode surfaces.

Journal
Applied Physics Letters
Volume
110
Year of Publication
2017
Issue
9
Pagination
093902
ISSN Number
0003-6951
Short Title
Appl. Phys. Lett.
Refereed Designation
Refereed
Organizations
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