%0 Journal Article
%A Paul Veers
%A Katherine Dykes
%A Eric Lantz
%A Stephan Barth
%A Carlo L Bottasso
%A Ola Carlson
%A Andrew Clifton
%A Johney Green
%A Peter Green
%A Hannele Holttinen
%A Daniel Laird
%A Ville Lehtomäki
%A Julie K Lundquist
%A James Manwell
%A Melinda Marquis
%A Charles Meneveau
%A Patrick Moriarty
%A Xabier Munduate
%A Michael Muskulus
%A Jonathan Naughton
%A Lucy Pao
%A Joshua Paquette
%A Joachim Peinke
%A Amy Robertson
%A Javier Sans Rodrigo
%A Anna Maria Sempreviva
%A J. J Charles Smith
%A Aidan Tuohy
%A Ryan H Wiser
%B Science
%D 2019
%G eng
%R 10.1126/science.aau2027
%T Grand challenges in the science of wind energy
%8 10/2019
%X <p>Harvested by advanced technical systems honed over decades of research and development, wind energy has become a mainstream energy resource. However, continued innovation is needed to realize the potential of wind to serve global demand for clean energy. Here, we outline three interdependent, cross-disciplinary grand challenges underpinning this research endeavor. The first is the need for a deeper understanding of the physics of atmospheric flow in the critical zone of plant operation. The second involves science and engineering of the largest dynamic, rotating machines in the world. The third encompasses optimization and control of fleets of wind plants working synergistically within the power system. Addressing these challenges will enable wind power to provide as much as half of our global electricity needs.</p>