%0 Conference Paper
%K Renewable energy
%K Microgrids
%K Electric vehicles
%K Transport
%K Buildings
%K Energy
%K Loads
%K Campus
%A K. K Nandha Kumar
%A B Sivaneasan
%A P.L So
%A H.B Gooi
%A Nilesh Jadhav
%A Reshma Singh
%A Chris Marnay
%B 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings
%C Pacific Grove, CA
%D 2012
%G eng
%T Sustainable Campus with PEV and Microgrid
%U https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000363.pdf
%8 08/2019
%X <p>Market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum, as is the move<br />towards increasingly distributed, clean and renewable electricity sources. EV charging shifts a<br />significant portion of transportation energy use onto building electricity meters. Hence,<br />integration strategies for energy-efficiency in buildings and transport sectors are of increasing<br />importance. This paper focuses on a portion of that integration: the analysis of an optimal<br />interaction of EVs with a building-serving transformer, and coupling it to a microgrid that<br />includes PV, a fuel cell and a natural gas micro-turbine. The test-case is the Nanyang<br />Technological University (NTU), Singapore campus. The system under study is the Laboratory<br />of Clean Energy Research (LaCER) Lab that houses the award winning Microgrid Energy<br />Management System (MG-EMS) project. The paper analyses three different case scenarios to<br />estimate the number of EVs that can be supported by the building transformer serving LaCER.<br />An approximation of the actual load data collected for the building into different time intervals is<br />performed for a transformer loss of life (LOL) calculation. The additional EV loads that can be<br />supported by the transformer with and without the microgrid are analyzed. The numbers of<br />possible EVs that can be charged at any given time under the three scenarios are also determined.<br />The possibility of using EV fleet at NTU campus to achieve demand response capability and<br />intermittent PV output leveling through vehicle to grid (V2G) technology and building energy<br />management systems is also explored.</p>