%0 Book Section %A Gerhard Kreysa %A Ken-ichiro Ota %A Robert F Savinell %A Adam Z Weber %B Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry %C New York, NY %D 2014 %G eng %I Springer New York %P 1203-1210 %R 10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_332 %T Macroscopic Modeling of Porous Electrodes %8 09/2014 %@ 978-1-4419-6995-8 %X

It is well known that for optimal performance of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, it is necessary to have a nonplanar electrode to increase reaction area. One requires a porous electrode with multiple phases that can transport the reactant and products in the electrode while also undergoing reaction; an analogy in heterogeneous catalysis is reaction through a catalyst particle. For traditional devices, porous electrodes are often comprised of an electrolyte (which can be solid or liquid) that carries the ions or ionic current and a solid phase that carries the electrons or electronic current. In addition, there may be other phases such as a gas phase (e.g., fuel cells). Schematically one can consider the porous electrode as a transmission-line model as shown in Fig. 1.