%0 Report
%K Energy efficiency
%K Demand response
%K Controls
%K Wastewater treatment facilities
%A Alexander B Lekov
%A Lisa Thompson
%A Aimee T McKane
%A Katherine Song
%A Mary Ann Piette
%D 2009
%G eng
%T Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Open Automated Demand Response in Wastewater Treatment Facilities in California - Phase I Report
%2 LBNL-2572E
%# <p>demand response</p>
%$ <p>Commercial Building Systems</p>
%] <p>y</p>
%X <p>This report summarizes the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s research to date in characterizing energy efficiency and automated demand response opportunities for wastewater treatment facilities in California. The report describes the characteristics of wastewater treatment facilities, the nature of the wastewater stream, energy use and demand, as well as details of the wastewater treatment process. It also discusses control systems and energy efficiency and automated demand response opportunities. In addition, several energy efficiency and load management case studies are provided for wastewater treatment facilities. This study shows that wastewater treatment facilities can be excellent candidates for open automated demand response and that facilities which have implemented energy efficiency measures and have centralized control systems are well-suited to shift or shed electrical loads in response to financial incentives, utility bill savings, and/or opportunities to enhance reliability of service. Control technologies installed for energy efficiency and load management purposes can often be adapted for automated demand response at little additional cost. These improved controls may prepare facilities to be more receptive to open automated demand response due to both increased confidence in the opportunities for controlling energy cost/use and access to the real-time data.</p>