%0 Journal Article
%K USA
%K Pulse
%K Ablation
%K Laser
%K Laser ablation
%K Laser ablation
%K Time
%K Ca
%K E
%K Fractionation
%K Glass
%K Glasses
%K Icp-ms
%K Icp-ms
%K Icp-ms
%K Inductively coupled plasma (icp)
%K Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
%K Inductively-coupled plasma
%K Mass
%K Mass spectrometry
%K Mass spectrometry
%K Plasma
%K Plasma mass spectrometry
%K Plasma-mass spectrometry
%K Sample
%K Sampling
%K Spectrometry
%K Example
%K Laser pulses
%K Number
%K Pulses
%K Ratio
%K Science
%K Vapor
%K England
%K Excimer laser
%K Solid sampling
%K Direct solid sampling
%K Ratios
%K 266 nm
%K Nm
%K Laser beam
%K 213 nm
%K Ablation icp-ms
%K Glass standard
%K Laser ablation icp-ms
%K Laser ablation icp-ms
%K Nist
%K Nist glass
%K Wavelength
%K Microanalysis
%K Plasma-mass spectrometry
%K Wavelengths
%K Generation
%K Irradiance
%K Pb/u
%K Uv
%K 157 nm
%K Calcite
%K General
%K Nd:yag
%K Need
%K Trace-element analysis
%K Transparency
%A Richard E Russo
%A Xianglei Mao
%A Oleg V Borisov
%A Haichen Liu
%B Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
%D 2000
%F Laser
%G eng
%N 9
%P 1115-1120
%R 10.1039/B004243I 
%T Influence of wavelength on fractionation in laser ablation ICP-MS
%V 15
%2 LBNL-47085
%! J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
%X <p>As laser ablation becomes more ubiquitous for direct solid sampling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the need to understand and mitigate fractionation (non-stoichiometric generation of vapor species) becomes critical. The influence of laser-beam wavelength on fractionation is not well established; in general, it is believed that fractionation is reduced as the wavelength becomes shorter. This manuscript presents an investigation of fractionation during ablation of NIST glasses and calcite using three UV wavelengths (157&nbsp;nm, 213&nbsp;nm and 266&nbsp;nm). Fractionation can be observed for all wavelengths, depending in each case on the laser-beam irradiance and the number of laser pulses at each sample-surface location. The transparency of the sample influences the amount of sample ablated (removed) at each wavelength, and the extent of fractionation. Pb/Ca and Pb/U ratios are used as examples to demonstrate the degree of fractionation at the different wavelengths.</p>