%0 Journal Article
%K usa
%K pulse
%K ablation
%K laser
%K laser ablation
%K laser-ablation
%K time
%K ca
%K e
%K fractionation
%K glass
%K glasses
%K icp ms
%K icp-ms
%K icpms
%K inductively coupled plasma
%K inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
%K inductively-coupled-plasma
%K mass
%K mass spectrometry
%K mass-spectrometry
%K plasma
%K plasma mass spectrometry
%K plasma-mass-spectrometry
%K sample
%K sampling
%K spectrometry
%K example
%K laser-pulses
%K number
%K pulses
%K ratio
%K science
%K vapor
%K england
%K excimer-laser
%K solid sampling
%K direct solid sampling
%K ratios
%K 266 nm
%K nm
%K laser beam
%K 213 nm
%K ablation icp-ms
%K ablation-icp-ms
%K glass standard
%K laser ablation icp-ms
%K laser ablation icpms
%K laser-ablation-icp-ms
%K nist
%K nist glass
%K wavelength
%K microanalysis
%K plasma-mass spectrometry
%K wavelengths
%K generation
%K irradiance
%K pb/u
%K uv
%K 157 nm
%K calcite
%K general
%K nd-yag
%K need
%K trace-element analysis
%K transparency
%A Richard E Russo
%A Xianglei Mao
%A Oleg V Borisov
%A Haichen Liu
%B Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
%D 2000
%F Laser
%G eng
%N 9
%P 1115-1120
%R 10.1039/B004243I 
%T Influence of wavelength on fractionation in laser ablation ICP-MS
%V 15
%2 LBNL-47085
%! J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
%X <p>As laser ablation becomes more ubiquitous for direct solid sampling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the need to understand and mitigate fractionation (non-stoichiometric generation of vapor species) becomes critical. The influence of laser-beam wavelength on fractionation is not well established; in general, it is believed that fractionation is reduced as the wavelength becomes shorter. This manuscript presents an investigation of fractionation during ablation of NIST glasses and calcite using three UV wavelengths (157&nbsp;nm, 213&nbsp;nm and 266&nbsp;nm). Fractionation can be observed for all wavelengths, depending in each case on the laser-beam irradiance and the number of laser pulses at each sample-surface location. The transparency of the sample influences the amount of sample ablated (removed) at each wavelength, and the extent of fractionation. Pb/Ca and Pb/U ratios are used as examples to demonstrate the degree of fractionation at the different wavelengths.</p>