%0 Conference Paper
%A Thomas J Richardson
%A Michael D Rubin
%B Electrochimica Acta
%C Uppsala, Sweden
%D 2000
%G eng
%L LBNL-46612
%P 2119-2123
%T Liquid Phase Deposition of Electrochromic Thin Films
%V 46
%1 <p>Windows and Daylighting Group</p>
%2 LBNL-46612
%8 08/2000
%X <p>Thin films of titanium, zirconium and nickel oxides were deposited on conductive SnO<sub>2</sub>:F glass substrates by immersion in aqueous solutions. The films are transparent, conformal, of uniform thickness and appearance, and adhere strongly to the substrates. On electrochemical cycling, TiO<sub>2</sub>, mixed TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, and NiOx films exhibited stable electrochromism with high coloration efficiencies. These nickel oxide films were particularly stable compared with films prepared by other non-vacuum techniques. The method is simple, inexpensive, energy efficient, and readily scalable to larger substrates.</p>