TY - JOUR
KW - Film
KW - Microscopy
KW - Polymer
KW - Atomic force microscopy
KW - Materials
KW - Energy conversion
KW - Article
KW - Priority journal
KW - Piezoelectricity
KW - Scanning probe microscopy
KW - Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM)
KW - Piezoelectric response
KW - Bacteriophages
KW - Liquid crystal displays
KW - Organic polymers
KW - Piezoelectric devices
KW - Piezoelectric materials
KW - Toxic materials
KW - Yarn
KW - Large scale productions
KW - Liquid crystalline properties
KW - Piezoelectric energy generations
KW - Piezoelectric generators
KW - Piezoelectric property
KW - Self-assembled thin film
KW - Coat protein
KW - Collagen fibril
KW - Peptide nanotube
KW - Bacteriophage M13
KW - Biotechnology
KW - Dipole
KW - Generator
KW - Genetic engineering
KW - Liquid crystal
KW - Nonhuman
KW - Piezoresonance force microscopy
AU - B.Y Lee
AU - J Zhang
AU - C Zueger
AU - W.-J Chung
AU - S.Y Yoo
AU - E Wang
AU - J Meyer
AU - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
AU - S.-W Lee
AB - Piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and piezoelectric devices made of a variety of inorganic materials and organic polymers have been demonstrated. However, synthesizing such materials often requires toxic starting compounds, harsh conditions and/or complex procedures. Previously, it was shown that hierarchically organized natural materials such as bones, collagen fibrils and peptide nanotubes can display piezoelectric properties. Here, we demonstrate that the piezoelectric and liquid-crystalline properties of M13 bacteriophage (phage) can be used to generate electrical energy. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we characterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties of the phage at the molecular level. We then show that self-assembled thin films of phage can exhibit piezoelectric strengths of up to 7.8 pm V '1. We also demonstrate that it is possible to modulate the dipole strength of the phage, hence tuning the piezoelectric response, by genetically engineering the major coat proteins of the phage. Finally, we develop a phage-based piezoelectric generator that produces up to 6 nA of current and 400 mV of potential and use it to operate a liquid-crystal display. Because biotechnology techniques enable large-scale production of genetically modified phages, phage-based piezoelectric materials potentially offer a simple and environmentally friendly approach to piezoelectric energy generation.© 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
BT - Nature Nanotechnology
DO - 10.1038/nnano.2012.69
LA - eng
M1 - 6
N1 - cited By 218
N2 - Piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and piezoelectric devices made of a variety of inorganic materials and organic polymers have been demonstrated. However, synthesizing such materials often requires toxic starting compounds, harsh conditions and/or complex procedures. Previously, it was shown that hierarchically organized natural materials such as bones, collagen fibrils and peptide nanotubes can display piezoelectric properties. Here, we demonstrate that the piezoelectric and liquid-crystalline properties of M13 bacteriophage (phage) can be used to generate electrical energy. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we characterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties of the phage at the molecular level. We then show that self-assembled thin films of phage can exhibit piezoelectric strengths of up to 7.8 pm V '1. We also demonstrate that it is possible to modulate the dipole strength of the phage, hence tuning the piezoelectric response, by genetically engineering the major coat proteins of the phage. Finally, we develop a phage-based piezoelectric generator that produces up to 6 nA of current and 400 mV of potential and use it to operate a liquid-crystal display. Because biotechnology techniques enable large-scale production of genetically modified phages, phage-based piezoelectric materials potentially offer a simple and environmentally friendly approach to piezoelectric energy generation.© 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
PB - Nature Publishing Group
PY - 2012
SP - 351
EP - 356
T2 - Nature Nanotechnology
TI - Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation
VL - 7
SN - 17483387
ER -