TY - JOUR
KW - Electrochemistry
KW - Ions
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Spectrometry
KW - Crystallography
KW - Atomic force microscopy
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - Polarization
KW - Polarization switching
KW - Ferroelectricity
KW - Switching
KW - Long range interactions
KW - Ferroelectric films
KW - Ferroelectric switching
KW - Chlorine
KW - Ferroelectric thin films
KW - Optical switches
KW - Secondary emission
KW - Secondary ion mass spectrometry
KW - Chemical phenomena
KW - Electrochemical phenomena
KW - Significant surfaces
KW - Surface electrochemistry
KW - Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
AU - A.V Ievlev
AU - P Maksymovych
AU - M Trassin
AU - J Seidel
AU - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
AU - S.V Kalinin
AU - O.S Ovchinnikova
AB - Domain formation and ferroelectric switching is fundamentally inseparable from polarization screening, which on free surfaces can be realized via band bending and ionic adsorption. In the latter case, polarization switching is intrinsically coupled to the surface electrochemical phenomena, and the electrochemical stage can control kinetics and induce long-range interactions. However, despite extensive evidence toward the critical role of surface electrochemistry, little is known about the nature of the associated processes. Here we combine SPM tip induce polarization switching and secondary ion mass spectrometry to explore the evolution of chemical state of ferroelectric during switching. Surprisingly, we find that even pristine surfaces contain ions (e.g., Cl-) that are not anticipated based on chemistry of the system and processing. In the ferroelectric switching regime, we find surprising changes in surface chemistry, including redistribution of base cations. At higher voltages in the electroforming regime significant surface deformation was observed and associated with a strong ion intermixing. © 2016 American Chemical Society.
BT - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
DO - 10.1021/acsami.6b10784
LA - eng
M1 - 43
N1 - cited By 20
N2 - Domain formation and ferroelectric switching is fundamentally inseparable from polarization screening, which on free surfaces can be realized via band bending and ionic adsorption. In the latter case, polarization switching is intrinsically coupled to the surface electrochemical phenomena, and the electrochemical stage can control kinetics and induce long-range interactions. However, despite extensive evidence toward the critical role of surface electrochemistry, little is known about the nature of the associated processes. Here we combine SPM tip induce polarization switching and secondary ion mass spectrometry to explore the evolution of chemical state of ferroelectric during switching. Surprisingly, we find that even pristine surfaces contain ions (e.g., Cl-) that are not anticipated based on chemistry of the system and processing. In the ferroelectric switching regime, we find surprising changes in surface chemistry, including redistribution of base cations. At higher voltages in the electroforming regime significant surface deformation was observed and associated with a strong ion intermixing. © 2016 American Chemical Society.
PB - American Chemical Society
PY - 2016
SP - 29588
EP - 29593
T2 - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
TI - Chemical State Evolution in Ferroelectric Films during Tip-Induced Polarization and Electroresistive Switching
VL - 8
SN - 19448244
ER -