@article{bibcite_37119,
  author = {Lizhong Yang and Jun Onn Khor and Wen Liu and Syed Saqline and Alessandro Romagnoli},
  title = {Bed-type cryogenic carbon capture: A literature review and experimental study using phase change material},
  abstract = {<p>Carbon capture technologies are generally confronted with high operational costs caused by high-temperature regeneration and liquefaction of the captured CO<sub>2</sub> for transportation. The largely untapped liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy can be used for high-purity and low-temperature cryogenic carbon capture, reducing the energy consumption and costs of carbon separation and liquefaction. However, conventional cryogenic beds using sensible materials are not energetically efficient and have large footprints. In this study, we thoroughly and critically reviewed the literature on the challenges of bed-based cryogenic carbon capture studies, proposed and tested the use of TESL-114, a phase change material (PCM) that melts around -114\&nbsp;{\textdegree}C for cryogenic carbon capture, and compared it to Teflon, a sensible heat thermal storage material. This work constitutes the first lab-scale experimental demonstration of a complete, three-stage cryogenic carbon capture cycle using the cryogenic PCM TESL-114. Experiments were conducted by varying the thermal energy storage materials, inlet CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, and gas flow rates. The results demonstrated that TESL-114, despite being 30\% lighter than Teflon, enabled a 4.5\% longer CO<sub>2</sub> capture duration due to its latent heat advantage and isothermal phase change behavior, and saved around 1/2 of the cold energy for the same amount of CO<sub>2</sub> capture. Increased inlet CO<sub>2</sub> concentration improved capture performance due to elevated deposition temperature, allowing better utilization of stored cold energy, while higher flow rates reduced CO<sub>2</sub> capture time, which can be directly correlated to reduced gas residence time. A case study was performed for an LNG-fuelled ship, demonstrating that the PCM-based cryogenic carbon capture enables efficient maritime carbon capture with less footprint. These findings highlight the superiority of PCM over traditional cryogenic carbon capture materials and demonstrate its potential as a promising future climate mitigation technology.</p>},
  year = {2026},
  booktitle = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  series = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
  volume = {239},
  pages = {117145},
  month = {10/2026},
  institution = {Elsevier BV},
  publisher = {Elsevier BV},
  issn = {1364-0321},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2026.117145},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2026.117145},
}