@article{bibcite_36656,
  keywords = {herbaceous biomass, woody biomass, biomass pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, distillable solvent recovery, lignocellulosic sugar, sugar recovery},
  author = {Nawa Raj Baral and Xueli Chen and Joseph M Palasz and Ramkrishna Singh and Anagha Krishnamoorthy and Venkataramana R Pidatala and Tyrell S. A Lewis and Chang Dou and Ling Ding and Hemant Choudhary and Ning Sun and Blake A Simmons and Corinne D Scown},
  title = {Cost of Deconstruction Depots for Diversified, Waste-Based Lignocellulosic Sugars Using Distillable Solvents},
  abstract = {<p>Transitioning to a bioeconomy that makes use of low-emission and waste feedstocks requires greater flexibility to accommodate seasonal variations and mitigate long-term storage challenges, such as material loss and fire risk. To achieve this goal, biomass deconstruction technologies must efficiently handle diverse feedstocks. Here, we assess the cost of using butylamine-a distillable solvent-to deconstruct 22 different biomass feedstocks: 7 herbaceous, 9 woody, 4 food processing residues, and 2 blends. Lignocellulosic sugar production costs, based on current empirical data, range from $1.3 to 6.1/kg, suggesting that substantial improvements are required to compete with conventional sugars. The high solvent loading (850 g/kg of whole slurry) is a process bottleneck. Lowering the solvent loading to 59 g/kg of whole slurry, demonstrated in an L-scale reactor using poplar biomass, reduces the minimum sugar selling price by 33\%. Solvent loading and recovery, solid loading, sugar yield, enzyme use, and delivered biomass cost all play key roles in reaching sugar production costs of $0.45{\textendash}0.79/kg. Strategic feedstock blending to maximize carbohydrate content, process optimization to improve conversion efficiency, and the selection of low-cost feedstocks are important to advancing feedstock-flexible biorefineries.</p>},
  year = {2025},
  booktitle = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \&amp; Engineering},
  journal = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \&amp; Engineering},
  series = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \&amp; Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {13100-13111},
  month = {18/08/2025},
  institution = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},
  issn = {2168-0485, 2168-0485},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05029},
  doi = {10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05029},
}