@misc{35841,
  author = {Joachim Seel and Julie Mulvaney Kemp and Joseph Rand and Will Gorman and Dev Millstein and Fritz Kahrl and Ryan H Wiser},
  title = {Generator Interconnection Costs to the Transmission System - Summary Briefing},
  abstract = {<p>Berkeley Lab has published a series of briefs analyzing <a title="webpage link" href="https://emp.lbl.gov/interconnection_costs" target="_blank">interconnection cost trends</a> across five U.S. wholesale electricity markets. The series employs extensive data collection (2500+ project-level interconnection cost estimates) and analysis for MISO, PJM, SPP, NYISO, and ISO-NE. The data provides developers, regulators, policymakers, and other stakeholders with critical insights about interconnection cost data that are often difficult and inefficient for the public to obtain. This presentation offers a summary of the analyses followed by key results for each market. We find:</p><ul><li>Interconnection queues have exploded over the past years, resulting in lengthy study processes with high applicant withdrawal rates.</li><li>Interconnection cost estimates are not available as pre-request information but require a lengthy interconnection study process. Final cost estimates remain difficult to collect.</li><li>Interconnection costs have grown substantially over time in all studied regions.</li><li>Projects that have completed all required interconnection studies have the lowest cost compared to applicants still actively working through the interconnection process or those that have withdrawn.</li><li>Upgrade requirements of the broader transmission system are the primary cost driver.</li><li>Many projects facing high interconnection costs withdraw from the queue.</li><li>Renewables and storage projects have higher interconnection costs than natural gas power plants.</li><li>Larger generators have greater interconnection costs in absolute terms, but economies of scale can exist on a per kW basis.</li><li>Interconnection costs vary by location</li></ul><p>This work was funded, in part, under the U.S. Department of Energy’s <a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/i2x/interconnection-innovation-e-xchange">Interconnection Innovation e-Xchange</a> (i2X)</p>},
  year = {2023},
  month = {06/2023},
  note = {<p><span>A brief overview of this study can be viewed&nbsp;</span><a title="News article link" href="https://emp.lbl.gov/news/webinar-us-interconnection-costs-trends" target="_blank"><span>here</span></a><span>.&nbsp;</span></p><p>A webinar recorded on June 29, 2023 discussing this research can be viewed <strong><a title="webinar link" href="https://emp.lbl.gov/webinar/us-interconnection-costs-trends-across-5" target="_blank">here</a></strong>.&nbsp;</p>},
  language = {eng},
}