@misc{35608,
  author = {Joachim Seel and Joseph Rand and Will Gorman and Dev Millstein and Ryan H Wiser and Will Cotton and Katherine Fisher and Olivia Kuykendall and Ari Weissfeld and Kevin Porter},
  title = {Interconnection Cost Analysis in the PJM Territory},
  abstract = {<p>Electric transmission system operators (ISOs, RTOs, or utilities) require new large generators seeking to connect to the grid to undergo a series of impact studies before they can be built. This process establishes what new transmission equipment or upgrades may be needed before a project can connect to the system and assigns the costs of that equipment.&nbsp;Berkeley Lab has collected&nbsp;interconnection cost data from interconnection studies for the PJM Territory, representing nearly 86% of all new unique generators requesting&nbsp;interconnection from 2000 to 2022.&nbsp;Project-level cost summary data are available for download on this page.</p><p>We find:</p><ul><li>Average interconnection costs have grown as the number of interconnection requests have escalated</li><li>Projects that have completed all required interconnection studies have the lowest cost compared to applicants still actively working through the interconnection process or those that have withdrawn.</li><li>Broader network upgrade costs are the primary driver of recent cost increase.</li><li>Potential interconnection costs for wind, storage, and solar are larger than for natural gas</li><li>Larger generators have greater interconnection costs in absolute terms, but economies of scale exist on a per kW basis.</li><li>Interconnection costs vary by location</li></ul><p>Berkeley Lab will publish a series of short analytical papers of generator interconnection costs to the transmission system for MISO, PJM, SPP, ISO-NE and NYISO, which you can find at&nbsp;<a href="https://emp.lbl.gov/interconnection_costs" target="_blank">https://emp.lbl.gov/interconnection_costs</a>.&nbsp;</p>},
  year = {2023},
  month = {01/2023},
  note = {<p>A brief overview of this research can be viewed <a title="News article link" href="https://emp.lbl.gov/news/pjm-data-show-substantial-increases" target="_blank"><strong>here</strong></a>.&nbsp;</p>},
}