@article{35035,
  keywords = {Building, HVAC, Control, Simulation},
  author = {Michael Wetter and Paul Ehrlich and Antoine Gautier and Milica Grahovac and Philip Haves and Jianjun Hu and Anand Prakash and Dave Robin and Kun Zhang},
  title = {OpenBuildingControl: Digitizing the control delivery from building energy modeling to specification, implementation and formal verification},
  abstract = {<p><span>The current process for specifying, installing and commissioning building control sequences is largely manual and based on ambiguous natural language specifications. It lacks a formal end-to-end quality control and it has been shown not to deliver high performance sequences at scale. While high-performance HVAC control sequences enable significant reductions in energy consumption, errors in implementing the control logic are common even for less advanced sequences. To improve this situation, we present a digitized building control delivery workflow with formal end-to-end verification, a Control Description Language for the digital specification of building control sequences within this workflow, and software tools that enable digitization of this process. Using the process and tools introduced here, mechanical designers can customize, test and improve these sequences within annual energy simulation, store them in a library for use in other projects, and export them for bidding. Control providers can implement the sequences on existing control product lines through code generation. Commissioning providers can formally verify whether as-installed sequences conform to the digital design specification that was exported by the mechanical designer. Moreover, control product development teams can use the reference implementations of these libraries within their product testing to ensure that their products reproduce the behavior of the reference implementations. This paper presents this process, the language and the supporting software, together with examples of all of the above steps. The presented work has given rise to a new proposed standard, ASHRAE 231P, that will allow digitizing the building control delivery process through the standardization of a control-vendor independent format for exchanging control logic that we pioneered through the here presented work.</span></p>},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Energy},
  volume = {238},
  pages = {121501},
  month = {01/2022},
  issn = {03605442},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544221017497},
  doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2021.121501},
  language = {eng},
}