@article{34831,
  author = {William F Lamb and Thomas Wiedmann and Julia Pongratz and Robbie Andrew and Monica Crippa and Jos GJ Olivier and Dominik Wiedenhofer and Giulio Mattioli and Alaa Al Khourdajie and Jo House and Shonali Pachauri and Maria Figueroa and Yamina Saheb and Raphael Slade and Klaus Hubacek and Laixiang Sun and Suzana Kahn Ribeiro and Smail Khennas and Stephane de la Rue du Can and Lazarus Chapungu and Steven J Davis and Igor Bashmakov and Hancheng Dai and Shobhakar Dhakal and Xianchun Tan and Yong Geng and Baihe Gu and Jan C Minx},
  title = {A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018},
  abstract = {<p>Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be traced to five economic sectors: energy, industry, buildings, transport and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry and other land uses). In this topical review, we synthesise the literature to explain recent trends in global and regional emissions in each of these sectors. To contextualise our review, we present estimates of GHG emissions trends by sector from 1990 to 2018, describing the major sources of emissions growth, stability and decline across ten global regions. Overall, the literature and data emphasise that progress towards reducing GHG emissions has been limited. The prominent global pattern is a continuation of underlying drivers with few signs of emerging limits to demand, nor of a deep shift towards the delivery of low and zero carbon services across sectors. We observe a moderate decarbonisation of energy systems in Europe and North America, driven by fuel switching and the increasing penetration of renewables. By contrast, in rapidly industrialising regions, fossil-based energy systems have continuously expanded, only very recently slowing down in their growth. Strong demand for materials, floor area, energy services and travel have driven emissions growth in the industry, buildings and transport sectors, particularly in Eastern Asia, Southern Asia and South-East Asia. An expansion of agriculture into carbon-dense tropical forest areas has driven recent increases in AFOLU emissions in Latin America, South-East Asia and Africa. Identifying, understanding, and tackling the most persistent and climate-damaging trends across sectors is a fundamental concern for research and policy as humanity treads deeper into the Anthropocene.</p>},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {073005},
  month = {01/2021},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/abee4e},
  language = {eng},
}