@article{33969,
  author = {Ramamoorthy Ramesh and A Inam and D.M Hwang and T.D Sands and C.C Chang and D.L Hart},
  title = {Surface outgrowth problem in c-axis oriented Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films},
  abstract = {The origin of surface outgrowths in c-axis oriented superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films has been identified. We find that a,b-axis regions nucleate heterogeneously at second phase regions and rapidly grow outward, leading to the formation of lenticular-shaped outgrowths. The second phase has been identified by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy to be the Y1Ba3Cu2O7-x phase that forms as microscopic platelet-shaped precipitates on the a-b plane. The heterogeneous nucleation of such outgrowths is general and has been observed in both in situ sputtered and laser-deposited films. It is probably related to the ledge growth mechanism of the c-axis oriented Y-Ba-Cu-O thin film and to the precise overall composition of the film and needs to be studied in detail in order to produce films with smooth surfaces.},
  year = {1991},
  journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
  volume = {58},
  number = {14},
  pages = {1557-1559},
  issn = {00036951},
  doi = {10.1063/1.105176},
  note = {cited By 52},
  language = {eng},
}