@techreport{32232,
  keywords = {Energy efficiency, Daylighting, Bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF), High-performance buildings, Model predictive controls, Dynamic facades, Highly insulating windows, Ventilative fa{\c c}ades, Switchable glazing},
  author = {Eleanor S Lee and Anothai Thanachareonkit and D. D Charlie Curcija and Gregory J Ward and Taoning Wang and David Geisler-Moroder and Christoph Gehbauer and John Breshears and Luis L Fernandes and Stephen E Selkowitz and Robert Hart and Christian Kohler and David Blum and Jinqing Peng and Howdy Goudey},
  title = {High-Performance Integrated Window and Fa{\c c}ade Solutions for California},
  abstract = {<p>The researchers developed a new generation of high-performance fa{\c c}ade systems and supporting design and management tools to support industry in meeting California{\textquoteright}s greenhouse gas reduction targets, reduce energy consumption, and enable an adaptable response to minimize real-time demands on the electricity grid. The project resulted in five outcomes: (1) The research team developed an R-5, 1-inch thick, triplepane, insulating glass unit with a novel low-conductance aluminum frame. This technology can help significantly reduce residential cooling and heating loads, particularly during the evening. (2) The team developed a prototype of a windowintegrated local ventilation and energy recovery device that provides clean, dry fresh air through the fa{\c c}ade with minimal energy requirements. (3) A daylight-redirecting louver system was prototyped to redirect sunlight 15{\textendash}40 feet from the window. Simulations estimated that lighting energy use could be reduced by 35{\textendash}54 percent without glare. (4) A control system incorporating physics-based equations and a mathematical solver was prototyped and field tested to demonstrate feasibility. Simulations estimated that total electricity costs could be reduced by 9-28 percent on sunny summer days through adaptive control of operable shading and daylighting components and the thermostat compared to state-of-the-art automatic fa{\c c}ade controls in commercial building perimeter zones. (5) Supporting models and tools needed by industry for technology R\&amp;D and market transformation activities were validated. Attaining California{\textquoteright}s clean energy goals require making a fundamental shift from today{\textquoteright}s ad-hoc assemblages of static components to turnkey, intelligent, responsive, integrated building fa{\c c}ade systems. These systems offered significant reductions in energy use, peak demand, and operating cost in California.</p>},
  year = {2020},
  month = {01/2020},
  institution = {California Energy Commission},
  publisher = {California Energy Commission},
  address = {Sacramento},
  issn = {CEC-500-2020-001},
  url = {https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2020publications/CEC-500-2020-001/CEC-500-2020-001.pdf},
  language = {eng},
}