@article{32023,
  author = {Michael D Sohn and William W Delp and Richard N Fry and Yang-Seon Kim},
  title = {Analysis of a series of urban-scale chlorine dispersion experiments and implications on indoor health consequences},
  abstract = {<p>In the United States, industrial compounds are routinely transported by rail in pressurized vessels, often near urban areas. A rupture of a vessel, for example due to a derailment, can result in the rapid release of a liquid-aerosol-gas mixture. The health consequences of such a release, especially close to population centers, are not well understood. To address this question, a series of controlled experimental releases of pressurized chlorine (Cl<sub>2</sub>) was conducted at the Dugway Proving Ground (Dugway, Utah). Each trial consisted of the sudden breach of a tank containing at least 4,500 kg (kg) of pressurized liquid Cl<sub>2</sub>. In this paper, we report on measured Cl<sub>2</sub> concentrations in three test structures downwind of the release. Based on these data, we estimate the indoor-outdoor exchange, transport through a multi-room structure, and the first-order loss rate due to reaction or sorption. This loss rate is particularly important for consequence assessment. For example, in a mobile office with a ventilation rate of about three air changes per hour, the reaction loss rate was approximately 2.5 h<sup>−1</sup>. This accounts for a nearly 20 percent reduction in toxic load to indoor occupants. Finally, the paper discusses the modeling and analysis of a typical urban hazard assessment.</p>},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
  volume = {212},
  pages = {83 - 89},
  month = {09/2019},
  issn = {13522310},
  doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.010},
  language = {eng},
}