@article{30345,
  keywords = {performance, electrolytes, Water transport, nafion membranes, scale energy-storage, cation-exchange membranes, transport model, mass-transport, vanadium ions, cell},
  author = {Robert M Darling and Adam Z Weber and Michael C Tucker and Michael L Perry},
  title = {The Influence of Electric Field on Crossover in Redox-Flow Batteries},
  abstract = {<p>Transport of active species through the ion-exchange membrane separating the electrodes in a redox-flow battery is an important source of inefficiency. Migration and electro-osmosis have significant impacts on the crossover of reactive anions, cations, and neutral species. In this paper, these phenomena are theoretically and experimentally explored for commercial cation-exchange membranes. The theoretical analysis indicates that plotting the cumulative Coulombic mismatch between charge and discharge as a function of time can be used to assess crossover rates. The relative importance of migration and electro-osmosis over diffusion is quantified and shown to increase with increasing current density and membrane thickness because the contributions of migration and electro-osmosis to ionic flux are independent of membrane thickness and proportional to current density, while diffusion is inversely proportional to membrane thickness and independent of current density. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights&nbsp;</p>},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
  volume = {163},
  pages = {A5014 - A5022},
  month = {01/2016},
  issn = {0013-4651},
  doi = {10.1149/2.0031601jes},
  language = {eng},
}