@article{27891,
  keywords = {Developing world, All-iron, Portable power, Redox flow},
  author = {Michael C Tucker and David Lambelet and Mohamed Oueslati and Benjamin Williams and Wu-Chieh Jerry Wang and Adam Z Weber},
  title = {Improved low-cost, non-hazardous, all-iron cell for the developing world},
  abstract = {<p>A low-cost, non-hazardous personal-power system based on an aqueous all-iron electrochemical cell is demonstrated. The system is intended to be assembled and operated by developing-world households that lack sufficient access to electricity, thereby enabling LED lighting or mobile phone charging on demand. Lab-scale hardware is used to assess the performance of individual cell components. It is found that coffee filter paper is an effective low-cost separator. Carbon felt is a low-cost electrode material, and its performance and wetting by the electrolyte solution is greatly improved by pre-treatment with sulfuric acid. The carbon felt does not degrade after a week of daily use. By using these components, performance of the system is significantly improved over the previous baseline, with power density more than doubling to 40&nbsp;mW&nbsp;cm<sup>−2</sup>, and iron utilization improving from 78% to 88%. The operating cost is estimated to be less than US$0.03 per mobile phone charge. Based on the lab-scale results, a stand-alone prototype consumer product is designed, fabricated, and tested. It successfully provides 2.5&nbsp;h of LED illumination while consuming 200&nbsp;mL of electrolyte solution via gravity feed. We anticipate these results will enable deployment of this innovative system to energy-impoverished individuals in the developing world.</p>},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
  volume = {332},
  pages = {111 - 117},
  month = {11/2016},
  issn = {03787753},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.098},
}