@article{27890,
  keywords = {diffusion, Flow battery, Vanadium, Crossover, Electro-osmosis, Hydrogen-Bromine, Migration},
  author = {Robert M Darling and Adam Z Weber and Michael C Tucker and Michael L Perry},
  title = {The Influence of Electric Field on Crossover in Redox-Flow Batteries},
  abstract = {<p>Transport of active species through the ion-exchange membrane separating the electrodes in a redox-flow battery is an important source of inefficiency. Migration and electro-osmosis have significant impacts on the crossover of reactive anions, cations, and neutral species. In this paper, these phenomena are theoretically and experimentally explored for commercial cation-exchange membranes. The theoretical analysis indicates that plotting the cumulative Coulombic mismatch between charge and discharge as a function of time can be used to assess crossover rates. The relative importance of migration and electro-osmosis over diffusion is quantified and shown to increase with increasing current density and membrane thickness because the contributions of migration and electro-osmosis to ionic flux are independent of membrane thickness and proportional to current density, while diffusion is inversely proportional to membrane thickness and independent of current density.</p>},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
  volume = {163},
  pages = {A5014 - A5022},
  month = {01/2016},
  issn = {0013-4651},
  doi = {10.1149/2.0031601jes},
}