@misc{26269,
  keywords = {Demand-side management (DSM)},
  author = {Donald Schultz and Joseph H Eto},
  title = {Carrots and Sticks: Shared-Savings Incentive Programs for Energy Efficiency},
  abstract = {<p>The focus of this work is on the practical issues that emerge when regulators review utility incentive proposals for energy efficiency programs. We examine one particular type of incentive mechanism-shared savings, in which the net benefits from the energy efficiency investment are shared between ratepayers and utility shareholders. The primary basis for the analysis is the shared-savings mechanisms recently put in place by two California investor-owned utilities, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&amp;E) and San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&amp;E). The discussion centers on the regulatory concerns and resolutions that arose in reviewing the shared-savings mechanisms proposed by these two utilities. The problems included establishing the basis for determining net benefits, establishing minimum levels of utility performance, rewarding cost-minimizing and resource-value maximizing behavior, and equitable allocating the risks associated with uncertainty in the performance and value of demand-side programs. We suggest that in some cases practical implementation considerations override the theoretically superior choice when addressing these issues. We also argue that important differences between utility demand-side programs make it unreasonable to apply the same incentive mechanism uniformly to all types of DSM programs.</p>},
  year = {1990},
  journal = {The Electricity Journal},
  volume = {3},
  month = {12/1990},
  doi = {10.1016/1040-6190(90)90038-B},
}