@article{26197,
  author = {Adam Z Weber},
  title = {Macroscopic Modeling of the Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel-Cell Catalyst Layer},
  abstract = {<p>In the catalyst layers, all of the various phases of a fuel cell exist. Thus, there is membrane, gas, liquid, and solid (mainly carbon). In addition, there are electrocatalysts where the charge-transfer reactions take place. An accurate model of a catalyst layer requires that all of these phases and their various interactions be modeled from a physical perspective. In this transaction, the macroscopic modeling approaches towards a catalyst layer will be discussed. Specifically, the modeling and multi-scaling of catalyst-layer phenomena will be introduced including accounting of Pt-oxide formation and non-unity reaction orders in a simultaneous reaction/diffusion framework. Of particular interest is the modeling and accounting of recently observed unexpected mass-transport limitations at very low Pt loadings.</p>},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {ECS Transactions},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {71 - 83},
  month = {04/2012},
  issn = {1938-6737},
  doi = {10.1149/1.3701969},
}