@misc{25862,
  keywords = {Rate programs & tariffs},
  author = {Galen L Barbose and Charles A Goldman and Ranjit Bharvirkar and Nicole C Hopper and Michael K Ting and Bernard Neenan},
  title = {Real Time Pricing as a Default or Optional Service for Commercial and Industrial Customers: A Comparative Analysis of Eight Case Studies},
  abstract = {<p>Demand response (DR) is broadly recognized to be an integral component of well-functioning electricity markets, but currently underdeveloped in most regions. In recent years, there has been renewed interest among a number of public utility commissions (PUC) and utilities in implementing real-time pricing (RTP), typically for large commercial and industrial (C&amp;I) customers, as a strategy for developing greater levels of DR. Such efforts typically face a set of key policy and program design issues, including:</p><ul><li>How to organize the process for developing and implementing RTP in a manner that facilitates productive participation by the relevant stakeholder groups;</li><li>Whether to designate RTP as an optional or default service, and for which customer classes;</li><li>What type of tariff design to adopt given prevailing policy objectives, wholesale market structure, ratemaking practices and standards, and customer preferences; and</li><li>What types of supplemental activities (e.g., customer education, deployment of enabling technologies) are appropriate to facilitate customer participation and price response.</li></ul><p>Given resolution of these design and implementation issues, a key question for policymakers is how much DR can ultimately be expected from RTP, which requires analyzing customers' willingness to be exposed to dynamic hourly prices over a sustained time period and their actual price responsiveness.</p>},
  year = {2006},
  month = {02/2006},
}