@article{25186,
  keywords = {Laser ablation, Crater, Electron number density, Plasma temperature, Laser induced plasma spectroscopy},
  author = {Haichen Liu and Xianglei Mao and Jong-Hyun Yoo and Richard E Russo},
  title = {Early phase laser induced plasma diagnostics and mass removal during single-pulse laser ablation of silicon},
  abstract = {<p>The electron number density and temperature during the early phase (&lt;300 ns) of laser-induced plasmas from silicon using a 266-nm, 3-ns Nd:YAG laser were deduced via spectroscopic methods. These parameters were measured as a function of delay time vs. irradiance in the range of 2–80 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>, and compared with crater volume measurements. A dramatic change in plasma characteristics (electron number density, temperature, and degree of ionization) as well as a sharp increase of mass removal was observed when the irradiance was increased beyond a threshold of 20 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Possible mechanisms such as inverse bremsstrahlung and self-regulation were used to describe these data in the low irradiance region. Laser self-focusing and critical temperature are discussed to explain the dramatic changes after the irradiance reaches the threshold.</p>},
  year = {1999},
  journal = {Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {1607-1624},
  month = {11/1999},
  doi = {10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00092-0},
  language = {eng},
}