@article{25183,
  keywords = {Polymers, Secondary cells, Electrochemical electrodes, Additives, Composite materials, Electrical conductivity, Electron microscopy, Nanostructured materials},
  author = {Gao Liu and Honghe Zheng and S Kim and Yonghong Deng and Andrew M Minor and Xiangyun Song and Vincent S Battaglia},
  title = {Effects of Various Conductive Additive and Polymeric Binder Contents on the Performance of a Lithium-Ion Composite Cathode},
  abstract = {<p>Fundamental electrochemical methods, cell performance tests, and physical characterization tests, such as electron microscopy, were used to study the effects of levels of the inert materials [acetylene black (AB), a nanoconductive additive, and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), a polymer binder] on the power performance of lithium-ion composite cathodes. The electronic conductivity of the AB/PVDF composites at different compositions was measured with a four-point probe direct current method. The electronic conductivity was found to increase rapidly and plateau at an AB:PVDF ratio 0.2:1 (by weight), with 0.8:1 being the highest conductivity composition. AB:PVDF compositions along the plateau of 0.2:1, 0.4:1, 0.6:1, and 0.8:1 were investigated. Electrodes of each of those compositions were fabricated with different fractions of AB/PVDF to active material. It was found that at the 0.8:1 AB:PVDF, the rate performance improved with increases in the AB/PVDF loading, whereas at the 0.2:1 AB:PVDF, the rate performance improved with decreases in the AB/PVDF loading. The impedance of electrodes made with 0.6:1 AB:PVDF was low and relatively invariant</p>},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
  volume = {155},
  pages = {A887-A892},
  month = {10/2008},
  doi = {10.1149/1.2976031},
  language = {eng},
}