@article{23074,
  keywords = {Inverse modeling, Atmospheric transport, Methane},
  author = {Chuanfeng Zhao and Arlyn E Andrews and Laura Bianco and Janusz Eluszkiewicz and Adam Hirsch and Clinton MacDonald and Thomas Nehrkorn and Marc L Fischer},
  title = {Atmospheric inverse estimates of methane emissions from Central California},
  abstract = {<p>[1] Methane mixing ratios measured at a tall tower are compared to model predictions to estimate surface emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> in Central California for October–December 2007 using an inverse technique. Predicted CH<sub>4</sub> mixing ratios are calculated based on spatially resolved a priori CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and simulated atmospheric trajectories. The atmospheric  trajectories, along with surface footprints, are computed using the  Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) coupled to the Stochastic  Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model. An uncertainty  analysis is performed to provide quantitative uncertainties in estimated  CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Three inverse model estimates of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions are reported. First, linear regressions of modeled and measured CH<sub>4</sub> mixing ratios obtain slopes of 0.73 ± 0.11 and 1.09 ± 0.14 using  California-specific and Edgar 3.2 emission maps, respectively,  suggesting that actual CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were about 37 ± 21%  higher than California-specific inventory estimates. Second, a Bayesian  "source" analysis suggests that livestock emissions are 63 ± 22% higher  than the a priori estimates. Third, a Bayesian "region" analysis is  carried out for CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from 13 subregions, which shows that inventory CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from the Central Valley are underestimated and uncertainties in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions are reduced for subregions near the tower site, yielding best  estimates of flux from those regions consistent with "source" analysis  results. The uncertainty reductions for regions near the tower indicate  that a regional network of measurements will be necessary to provide  accurate estimates of surface CH<sub>4</sub> emissions for multiple regions.</p>},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres},
  volume = {114},
}