@article{11036,
  keywords = {Atmospheric particulate matter, Mutagenicity, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), S{\~a}o Paulo City},
  author = {Bruno S De Martinis and Robert A Okamoto and Norman Y Kado and Lara A Gundel and Lilian R.F Carvalho},
  title = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a bioassay-directed fractionated extract of PM10 collected in S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil},
  abstract = {<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in airborne particles (PM<sub>10</sub>) collected in an urban site of S{\~a}o Paulo City, Brazil. Samples were Soxhlet extracted sequentially with dichloromethane and acetone, followed by solid phase fractionation. Increasing polar fractions (A{\textendash}K) of dichloromethane and acetone extracts were obtained. Fractionated extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Salmonella microsuspension bioassay. Sixteen PAH compounds were quantified in dichloromethane B and C fractions, nevertheless the D and E fractions presented higher mutagenic activities. Concentrations of the individual PAHs ranged from 0.8 ng m<sup>-3</sup> (perylene) to 12.8 ng m<sup>-3</sup> (benzofluranthene), reaching a total concentration of 95.5 ng m<sup>-3</sup>. BaP/BgP and Pyr/BaP ratios indicated the presence of vehicular emissions and BghiP/Ind and Chr/BeP ratios suggested a contribution of wood combustion emissions. Further investigation is still necessary for a better understanding of the PAH sources in the urban atmosphere of S{\~a}o Paulo City.</p>},
  year = {2002},
  booktitle = {Atmospheric Environment},
  journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
  series = {Atmospheric Environment},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {307-314},
  month = {01/2002},
  doi = {10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00334-X},
  language = {eng},
}